A simple manual for a theoretical approach to Voltammetry for beginners can be downloaded.
The reported analytical procedures, if not differently specified, can be applied to limpid solutions, not containing oxidising or reducing substances, suspended solids, organic substances and colloids. Samples have so to be treated to fulfil the above conditions.
Also, final solutions have to be in 1 - 10 pH range avoiding damages of the capillary.
Prepare samples, standard solutions and supporting electrolytes using ultra pure water (reagent grade I) and clean chemicals for trace analysis.
Finally, perform a blank analysis when "environmental pollutant", like lead, zinc, copper, iron and chlorides are investigated.
elements
and compounds |
description |
 PDF file
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Most common supporting electrolyte |
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| Aluminium |
Method: Calcon in 0.1 M acetate buffer, pH 4.7. Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV/a) |
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| Antimony |
Differential Pulse Stripping Voltammetry (DPS/a) |
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| Arsenic (total) |
Differential Pulse Stripping Voltammetry (DPS/a). Electrode: Gold film on glassy carbon electrode |
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| Ascorbic acid in fruit juice |
Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV/a) |
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| Bismuth |
Differential Pulse Stripping Voltammetry (DPS/a) |
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| Boric acid in nickel plating bath |
Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV/a) |
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| Cadmium |
Differential Pulse Stripping Voltammetry (DPS/a) |
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| Chlorides |
Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV/a) |
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| Chromium (VI and total) |
Method: DTPA in 0.2 M acetate buffer, pH 6.2. Differential Pulse Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry (DPS/a) |
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| Cobalt |
Method: Dimetilglioxime in 0.1 M tartrate buffer, pH 9. Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV/a) |
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| Copper |
Differential Pulse Stripping Voltammetry (DPS/a) |
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| Cyanides |
Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV/a) |
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Formaldehyde  |
Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV/a) |
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| Iron |
Method: Triethanolamine – Sodium hydroxide buffer. Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV/a). |
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| Lead |
Differential Pulse Stripping Voltammetry (DPS/a) |
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| Manganese |
Differential Pulse Stripping Voltammetry (DPS/a) . Electrode: Glassy carbon |
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| Mercury |
Square Wave Stripping Voltametry (SQS). Electrode: rotating gold electrode (2 mm diameter) |
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| Molybdenum |
Method: Mandelic acid in H2SO4, pH 3-3.5 Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV/a) |
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| Nickel |
Method: Dimetilglioxime in 0.1 M tartrate buffer, pH 9. Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV/a) |
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| Nitrites |
Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV/a) |
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| Palladium |
Method: Dimetilglioxime in 0.1 M tartrate buffer, pH 5.15. Differential Pulse Stripping Voltammetry (DPS/a) |
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| Platinum |
Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV/a) |
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| Saccharin in nickel plating bath |
Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV/a) |
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| Selenium |
Differential Pulse Stripping Voltammetry (DPS/a) |
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| Silver |
Differential Pulse Stripping Voltammetry (DPS/a). Electrode: Glassy carbon |
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| Sulphides |
Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV/a) |
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| Sulphur dioxide (sulphites) |
Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV/a) |
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| Sulphur in gasoline and petroleum |
Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV/a) |
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| Thallium |
Differential Pulse Stripping Voltammetry (DPS/a) |
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| Thiourea in nickel and copper plating bath |
Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV/a) |
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| Tin |
Method: tropolone in oxalic - hydrochloric acid. Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV/a) |
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| Total Aldehydes |
Method: Hydrazine in 0.1 M citrate buffer, pH 6.5. Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV/a) |
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| Vanadium |
Differential Pulse Stripping Voltammetry (DPS/a) |
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| Zinc (high levels) |
Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV/a) |
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| Zinc (low levels) |
Differential Pulse Stripping Voltammetry (DPS/a) |
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Voltammetric techniques applied to specific materials, substances or environmental analysis.
The reported links can be useful to search articles and abstracts regarding voltammetric and, generally, electrochemical analysis.
